I've stopped asking, Why have we made prostitution illegal? Instead I want an explanation for, How much violence against "prostitutes" have we made acceptable?
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lee :Fire_Trans:replied to lee :Fire_Trans: last edited by
this is a very quotable book and will be a chatty thread
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lee :Fire_Trans:replied to lee :Fire_Trans: last edited by
Sex workers and anyone perceived to be a sex worker are believed to always be working, or, in the cops' view, always be committing a crime. People who are profiled by the cops as sex workers include, in disproportionate numbers, trans women, women of color, and queer and gender nonconforming youth. This isn't about policing sex. It's about profiling and policing people whose sexuality and gender are considered suspect.
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lee :Fire_Trans:replied to lee :Fire_Trans: last edited by
...what sociologist Elizabeth Bernstein describes as "carceral feminism," a reliance on the law-and-order power of the state to bring about gender justice. Rather than couching crackdowns on sex work as fighting crime, now some feminists appeal to the police to pursue stings against the sex trade in the name of gender equality.
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lee :Fire_Trans:replied to lee :Fire_Trans: last edited by
How, exactly, is someone who is most used to having the police threaten them, or demand sex with them in exchange for not being arrested, then supposed to trust the police in any way, let alone to connect them to services which are already freely available? Is it that impossible to imagine there is a better party for reaching out to sex workers than the police?
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lee :Fire_Trans:replied to lee :Fire_Trans: last edited by
Even the most seemingly benign "rehabilitation" programs for sex workers are designed to isolate them from the rest of the population.
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lee :Fire_Trans:replied to lee :Fire_Trans: last edited by
"Criminalization" isn't just a law on the books but a state of being and moving in the world, of forming relationships--of having them predetermined for you.
(emphasis mine)
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lee :Fire_Trans:replied to lee :Fire_Trans: last edited by
Grant walks us through the different linguistic forms talking about sex work has taken, pointing out that the invention of "the prostitute" comes about in the nineteenth century.
At the same time that we see a new kind of woman in the character of the prostitute, we also see the invention of a new kind of man, the homosexual. But just as sexual relations between people of the same gender of course preceeded him as constructed in this period, so too was the identity of the prostitute applied to a much older set of practices, and for parallel purposes: to produce a person by transforming a behavior (however occasional) into an identity.
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lee :Fire_Trans:replied to lee :Fire_Trans: last edited by
The late nineteenth century made criminals of the people, not just of the practices of sodomy and the sale of sex. In the late twentieth century, outsizes fears of AIDS led to the levy of social and criminal penalties against these same people. These penalties were not against all people who engaged in same-sex sex or in selling sex but against those who were most visibly different and most easily associated with other forms of deviance.
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lee :Fire_Trans:replied to lee :Fire_Trans: last edited by
really like this thread of queer-sex worker solidarity
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lee :Fire_Trans:replied to lee :Fire_Trans: last edited by
i first read this while out and about in seattle and was def only half paying attention so it's good to reread
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lee :Fire_Trans:replied to lee :Fire_Trans: last edited by
regarding an anti-porn march during which the marchers "embarassed and harassed the strippers and other sex industry workers in the neighborhood":
A march like this could only be construed as a feminist activity if they believed that the people they targeted had in some way directed or requested such a protest. They would have to conclude that these marches were somehow distinguishable, to those workers, from the vice raids that targeted the same businesses--their workplaces--that the marchers were protesting against. Or the marchers would have to tell themselves that they simply knew--better than sex workers--what was in their best interests.
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lee :Fire_Trans:replied to lee :Fire_Trans: last edited by
This presumption [that "the prostitute who would be discussed in the conference room would herself be absent"] was a profound departure from the prevailing feminist theory of the day: Politics proceed from women's own experiences. Which women, though? Women in the sex trades were not the first to challenge their presupposed absence (for not being out) and simultaneous inclusion (for being part of the universal class of women) in a largely white, cisgender, middle-class, and heterosexual room of their own.
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lee :Fire_Trans:replied to lee :Fire_Trans: last edited by
"I found the room for the conference workshop on prostitution," [Carol Leigh] continues,
As I entered I saw a newsprint pad with the title of the workshop. It included the phrase "Sex Use Industry." The words stuck out and embarrassed me. How could I sit amid other women as a political equal when I was being objectified like that, described only as something used, obscuring my role as an actor and agent in this transaction?
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lee :Fire_Trans:replied to lee :Fire_Trans: last edited by
[Kate] Millet believed "that the prostitute's 'problem' (as she saw it) could be solved by 'some fundamental reorientation in the self-image of the prostitute,' [that] prostitutes could be rehabilitated through feminist consciousness-raising." [writes historian Melinda Chateauvert] That sex workers might be capable of doing this on their own, without guidance from their sisters, that their demands might extend to far beyond "self-image," was still unimaginable.
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lee :Fire_Trans:replied to lee :Fire_Trans: last edited by
Transgender women who sell sex are presented in media accounts only in stereotype, and they often aren't understood even by sympathetic campaigners in relationship to other women in the sex trade. While there has also been a long history of gender nonconformity in the industry, it being one reliably available form of income for people who face discrimination in other forms of employment, gender nonconforming people in the sex trade are nearly invisible to those outside sex work. Anti-sex work feminists, meanwhile, don't see sex work as a place for any woman. It is telling that many feminists who wish to abolish all forms of sex work, like The Transsexual Empire author Janice Raymond and author of The Industrial Vagina Sheila Jeffreys, refuse to accept that trans women are women. They appear to believe that those engaged in sex work are not yet capable of being real women.
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lee :Fire_Trans:replied to lee :Fire_Trans: last edited by
What we should also bear in mind when considering any study or news story that purports to examine prostitutes or prostitution is that many who are described with these terms do not use them to describe themselves. When many researchers and reporters go looking for prostitutes, they find only those who conform to their stereotypes, since they are the only people they think to look for. If sex workers defy those stereotypes, that is treated as a trivial novelty rather than reality.
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lee :Fire_Trans:replied to lee :Fire_Trans: last edited by
Use of the phrase "sex work," then, like those that preceded it, is unevenly and politically distributed. Sex workers may be referred to in the literature of public health, for example, but that is due to their own advocacy, and in particular of those who pushed back early in the AIDS era against the notion that prostitutes were responsible for the illness, an update of earlier health panics--syphilis, VD--in which many saw the bodies of prostitutes being considered little more than "vectors of disease." Outside of sex workers' own political networks, the shift to "sex work" is most complete in the world of AIDS, at least linguistically, though in putting policy and funding into action, fights do remain.
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lee :Fire_Trans:replied to lee :Fire_Trans: last edited by
(Responsible for making sex work attractive to potential sex workers, according to antiprostitution activists: the movie Pretty Women, the television show Secret Diary of a Call Girl, and what they call "pimp culture" in hip-hop. Not as responsible, apparently, are: the labor market, the privatization of education and healthcare, and debt.)
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lee :Fire_Trans:replied to lee :Fire_Trans: last edited by
In the first decade of this century United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon and several bodies within the UN called for an end to the criminalization of sex work; these included the Global Commission on HIV and the Law, which was created by the United Nations Development Program for the Joint UN Program on HIV/AIDS, an independent commission. The International Labor Organization recognizes sex work as labor and discrimination against sex workers--included forced HIV testing--as a violation of their labor rights. Human Rights Watch recommends the decriminalization of sex work. The World Health Organization recommends that "all countries should work toward decriminalization of sex work and elimination of the unjust application of non-criminal laws and regulations against sex workers."
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lee :Fire_Trans:replied to lee :Fire_Trans: last edited by
(continued directly from above)
All this isn't to say that with increased visibility sex workers' lives have unilaterally improved, that these recommendations have been adopted without struggle (if they have been adopted at all), or that a new focus on sex work as work has meant an end to the social phenomenon of prostitution.